Cary Academy presents these approaches to learning science: science as inquiry, science as technology, and the history and nature of science. All courses provide extensive laboratory experience, both inside and outside of the classroom. Laboratory activities include traditional experiences while incorporating computers as a tool for data collection, calculations, and reporting. Resources from the community, such as science experts and field trip opportunities, augment instruction.

The Upper School Science program emphasizes depth of knowledge, rather than breadth, in introductory coursework. This fosters in students an enjoyment of the material, while at the same time it allows them to gain a deeper understanding of the concepts. In the upper grades, the Advanced Science courses allow for a more content-driven curriculum, where breadth and depth of knowledge are emphasized jointly.

All Cary Academy students are required to take SCI 100: Biology, SCI 200: Chemistry, and either SCI 300: Physics or SCI 350: Honors Physics in order to be eligible for graduation.